超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水稻基质中阿维菌素残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定水稻基质中阿维菌素残留量,考察了基质效应,并对实际样品进行了检测.稻田土、稻壳、糙米和稻杆经乙腈振荡提取,稻田水经乙酸乙酯液液分配提取后,用C18固相萃取小柱或弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS正离子扫描测定残留的阿维菌素.稻田土、稻田水和糙米的3种添加浓度(1.0,10.0和100 μg/kg或μg/L)的平均回收率为84％～107％,相对标准偏差为4.7％～13.6％.稻壳和稻杆的2档添加浓度(10.0和100 μg/kg)的平均回收率为90％和103％,相对标准偏差为8.4％～12.9％.本方法在稻田水、糙米和稻田土中的检出限为0.3μg/kg在稻壳和稻杆中检出限为3.0 μg/kg,低于欧盟和日本在稻米中制定的阿维菌素最大残留限量值.阿维菌素在2.0～100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好( r＞ 0.999).     

高静水压诱导水稻产生突变的研究

 以78 MPa高静水压力处理已浸泡10 h的水稻（Oryza sativa L.）粤香占、粤丰占和测64种子12 h，成苗后移栽至大田，对其处理当代和后代的农艺性状进行调查和分析，结果表明，处理当代中，粤香占、粤丰占和测64的穗粒数分别增加了5.2%、1.2%和17.0%，且测64达到显著性差异水平；测64处理的生育期延长10 d，而粤香占和粤丰占则分别早熟5 d和2 d 。在处理的当代和后代中出现了可遗传的突变体，突变性状中既有质量性状也有数量性状，其中紫色叶鞘和穗下节伸长属于质量性状突变，株高、粒长和穗粒数等属于数量性状突变。突变频率因品种不同而存在差异，表现为：测64>粤丰占>粤香占。通过4年6代的筛选，共获得近100份包括叶、茎、穗、粒、育性和生育期等性状发生明显变异的突变体，已稳定的突变株系22个，其中7个突变株系的综合性状明显较对照好，具有良好的应用前景。     

稻壳SiO2/钒催化剂上苯乙酮液相氧化（英文）

Rice husk silica catalyst loaded with 10 wt% vanadium was synthesized from agricultural biomass via a sol-gel synthetic route at pH = 9. The catalyst was characterized by different physico-chemical methods. The FTIR spectra showed the formation of Si–O–V and V=O stretching bands. The presence of vanadium was confirmed by EDX elemental analysis. RH-10V possessed a high specific surface area of 276 m2/g and pore volume of 0.83 ml/g. The prepared catalyst possessed a narrow pore size distribution centered around 7.9 nm. The catalytic performance of RH-10V was tested in the oxidation of acetophenone at 70 ℃. RH-10V was found to be an active catalyst in the oxidation of acetophenone, producing 36.28% conversion efficiency. The products identified were benzoic acid, 2-hydroxyacetophenone, phenol, acetic acid, and 3-hydroxyacetophenone.     

ICP-AES检测云南稻核心种质矿质元素含量的地带性特征

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了云南省5个稻作区16个州市的789份地方水稻糙米中的八种矿质元素, 该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、准确性好和多元素同时测定, 加标回收率为97.1%～110.2%, RSD为0.7%～4.4%。结果表明: 糙米元素含量(mg·kg-1)依次为P(3834.83±486.49)>K(2567.72±336.74)>Mg(2567.72±336.74)>Ca(153.67±55.90)>Zn(33.35±13.65)>Fe(32.08±25.51)>Cu(14.22±11.85)>Mn(13.58±3.22); 世界生物多样性最丰富及有色金属富集的滇西北糙米P含量高,早寒武纪动物群及磷矿富集的滇中糙米Ca,Mg,Fe和Zn含量高,作物多样性突出的滇西南糙米Cu和Mn含量高; 糙米高磷钾、中钙镁锰和低铁锌分布区是世界生物多样性最丰富及矿产资源富集区。首次提出云南糙米矿质元素含量的地带性特征与生物多样性中心、矿产资源富集区、生命起源及其山脉、河流有关;进一步推断地球矿质元素分布不均匀性及其山脉、河流的相互作用是生命起源的关键。文章研究为解决人类Fe,Zn和Ca等矿质营养不良和生命起源问题以及功能稻米育种生产提供参考。     

转小鼠金属硫蛋白(MT)基因烟草不同器官中金属离子铅和锌的分布

转金属硫蛋白(MT)基因植物具有清除重金属污染的能力,但是金属离子在植物体内的分布研究较少。文章以多代培育纯合的转MT烟草为材料,研究了转MT基因烟草积累铅和锌以及铅和锌在不同器官的分布情况。结果表明转基因植株的老叶、茎部和根部铅和锌积累量显著高于普通烟草植株,整株的铅和锌含量分别提高了21.8%和27.2%。铅和锌在植物体内的分布也发生了变化,转基因植株老叶和根中的铅含量分别高出普通烟草同位置的30.2%和47.8%,锌在转基因植株老叶、茎和根中的含量分别高出普通烟草同位置的44.7%,29.2%和21.6%,说明铅更容易在转基因植株老叶和根中积累,而锌更容易在转基因植株的老叶和茎中积累。     

高光谱遥感技术在水稻转入基因表达的检测指示作用研究

传统方法在转基因作物目的基因表达检测上做了很多工作,但仍有发展空间。该研究利用野外高光谱仪(ASD野外光谱仪),避免了实验室测量带来温度水分差异造成的影响,实地测量大田水稻样本光谱数据;通过引入内部聚类系数控制类内波段聚合度,使用均值光谱表征样本类光谱,计算与光合作用高度相关的边峰以及光化学植被指数等参数,快速定量了转基因组样本与亲本在光合作用波段的光谱表达差异。研究结果表明转入基因得到了表达、对样本产生了影响,同时发现面积参数适合描述样本差异,而光化学植被指数对样本差异尤为敏感。这些都证明高光谱遥感技术在水稻转入基因表达检测上具有良好指示作用和应用优势,前景看好。     

动态超高压微射流对糯米淀粉结构的影响

以6%的糯米淀粉溶液为原料,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),紫外-可见(UV/Vis),偏光显微(PLM),X射线衍射(XRD)分析动态超高压微射流处理对糯米淀粉微观结构的影响。结果表明：动态超高压微射流处理后,扫描电镜显示不同压力处理下的糯米淀粉颗粒结构受到不同程度的破坏,经过160 MPa处理后,淀粉颗粒被冲击成片状; 紫外-可见分析中碘兰值变小,支链淀粉含量减小,表明超高压处理过程中支链淀粉的结构被破坏; 偏光显微显示糯米淀粉颗粒的偏光十字随着处理压力的增加逐渐模糊,经160 MPa处理后,多数淀粉颗粒偏光十字消失; X射线衍射分析表明在120 MPa处理后,相对结晶度开始降低,但降低幅度较小。     

Research on the ultrafast fluorescence property of thylakoid membranes of the wild-type and mutant rice

A high yielding rice variety mutant (Oryza sativa L., Zhenhui 249) with low chlorophyll b (Chl b) has been discovered in natural fields. It has a quality character controlled by a pair of recessive genes (nuclear gene). The partial loss of Chl b in content affects the efficiency of light harvest in a light harvest complex (LHC), thus producing the difference of the exciting energy transfer and the efficiency of photochemistry conversion between the mutant and wild-type rice in photosynthetic unit. The efficiency of utilizing light energy is higher in the mutant than that in the wild-type rice relatively. For further discussion of the above-mentioned difference and learning about the mechanism of the increase in the photochemical efficiency of the mutant, the pico-second resolution fluorescence spectrum measurement with delay-frame-scanning single photon counting technique is adopted. Thylakoid membranes of the mutant and the wild-type rice are excited by an Ar^+ laser with a pulse width of 120 ps, repetition rate of 4 MHz and wavelength of 514 nm. Compared with the time and spectrum property of exciting fluorescence, conclusions of those ultrafast dynamic experiments are: 1) The speeds of the exciting energy transferred in photo-system I are faster than that in photo-system II in both samples. 2) The speeds of the exciting energy transfer of mutant sample are faster than those of the wild-type. This might be one of the major reasons why the efficiency of photosynthesis is higher in mutant than that in the wild-type rice.     

Cloning of Promoter of Chinese Bean GRP 1.8 Gene and Characterization of Its Function in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

IntroductionVascular cells that are determined to becometracheary elements undergo a very distinct celldifferentiation.In contrast to many other types ofplant cells that can dedifferentiate and evenultimately form a new plant,cells determined tobecome tracheary elements are programmed to die.Glycine- rich proteins belong to a class ofstructural cell wall proteinsthatcontain about60 %glycine on the molar basis. Glycine- rich proteinsare localized in cell walls of bean[1] .Glycine- richprotein1…     

血透患者微量元素营养状况初步探讨

对门诊维持性血透肾衰患者进行了膳食营养调查。结果表明：（1）在临床检查中发现,血透肾衰患者面黄肌瘦,面色苍白,浮肿,疲劳;体质虚弱,四肢无力;精神不振,具有明显的营养不良的临床表现。（2）在膳食调查中发现,每人每日营养素摄入量为蛋白质41．54mg,热量5288kJ,钙104mg、铁4．86mg和锌8．86mg、硒35μg、铜2．28mg、锰2．86mg、镁76．50mg、磷448mg、钾752mg和钠1385．4mg;视黄醇当量368μg、vitarmin B10.58mg、vitamin B20.39mg、vitarnin C51mg、vitaminPP12.60mg和vitaminE0.38mg。提示血透肾衰患者蛋白质－热量营养不良,K、Na过量,而Ca、Mg、P等宏量元素和Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se等微量元素和RE、vitamin B1、vitamin B2、vitamin C均未达到RDA要求。原因是主食营养不平衡。因此,建议对血透肾衰患者进食主食营养平衡米（NBR）和制订平衡食谱,开展透析日营养治疗和病人家庭营养治疗。改善血透肾衰患者微量元素营养状况。